UNS N04400 (Monel 400) Nickel Alloy Pipe is manuactured following ASTM and international industry standards, ASTM B163 and B165 for seamless pipe, B730 and B725 specifications for welded pipe, Monel 400 pipe diameter from 1/8“ to 30”, with pipe schedule from Sch 5 to Sch 160, custom dimensions can be offered on request, uns n04400 equivalent material is W.Nr 2.4360.
Monel 400 is a nickel-copper alloy containing a minimum of 63 percent nickel and 28-34 percent copper, with small amounts of iron, manganese, and silicon. It has excellent corrosion resistance, especially against seawater and salt water. It also remains stable at high temperatures and is suitable for use at a wide range of temperatures and pressures. UNS N04400 Monel 400 grade can be formed in plate, sheet, coil, bar, pipe, and tube.
Monel 400 Nickel Alloy Pipe Specifications
| Standard | ASTM B163/SB163, B165/SB165, B725, B730 |
|---|---|
| Pipe Type | Seamless pipe, welded pipe |
| Alloy | UNS N04400, Monel 400 |
| Tube Form | Straight Tubes And U-Bend Tubes |
| Outside Diameter | 6 – 610 Mm |
| Thickness | 0.8 – 30 Mm |
UNS N04400 Composition
| Alloy | Nickel | Copper | Manganese | Iron | Sulfur | Carbon | Silicon | Chromium |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UNS N04400 | 63.0 Min | 28.0 – 34.0 | 2.0 Max | 2.5 max | 0.024 Max | 0.3 max | 0.5 max | … |
UNS N04400 Mechanical Properties
| Condition | Tensile Strength Min. Ksi(MPa) | Yield Strength(0.2% Offset)Min,Psi(MPa) | Elongation In 2in. Or 50mm(Or 4D)Min. % | Rockwell Hardness(Or Equivalent) For Annealed Ends |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Annealed | 70(483) | 28(193) | 35 | … |
| Stress-Relieved | 85(586) | 55(379) | 15 | B75max |
UNS N04400 Material Specifications
| Forms | Specifications |
|---|---|
| Bar | ASTM B 164, QQ N 281, DIN 17752, AMS 4675 |
| Sheet | ASTM B 127, QQ N 281, BS3072NA13, AMS 4544, DIN 17750 |
| Plate | ASTM B 127, QQN 281, BS3072NA13, AMS 4544, DIN 17750 |
| Strip | BS3073NA13, ASTM B127, AMS 4544, DIN 17750 |
| Pipe | ASTM B 185, B725, B730 |
| Tube | ASTM B165, AMS 4574, AMS 4575 |
| Forging | ASTM B564, DIN 17752, AMS 4675 |
| Other | W.Nr 2.4360, UNS N04400, NACE MR-01-75, Wire AMS 4730 Monel 400 (tradename), ISO 15156 |
Alloy 400 (UNS N04400) is available in Bar (Round, hex), Tube, Flat Bar, Wire, Billet, Sheet, Plate, Pipe, and Forgings.
ASTM B564 uns n04400 Standard Specification for Nickel Alloy Forgings
ASTM B127 uns n04400 Standard Specification for Nickel-Copper Alloy Plate, Sheet, and Strip
B127 covers rolled nickel-copper alloy (UNS N04400) plate, sheet, and strip. monel 400 material shall conform to the required chemical composition for nickel, copper, iron, manganese, carbon, silicon, and sulfur. The material shall conform to the required mechanical properties such as tensile strength, yield strength, elongation, and Rockwell hardness. The material shall conform to the required grain size. Dimensions such as plate, sheet, and strip thickness, width, or diameter, length, straightness, edges, squareness, and flatness shall be determined
ASTM B164 uns n04400 Standard Specification for Nickel-Copper Alloy Rod, Bar, and Wire
B164 covers nickel-copper alloys UNS N04400 and N04405 in the form of hot-worked and cold-worked rod, bar, and wire. monel 400 bar shall conform to the chemical composition limits specified by the reference material. The materials for rod, bar, or wire shall conform to the mechanical properties specified by the reference material. One test per lot shall be performed for chemical analysis, tension test, hardness test, and wrapping test.
ASTM B165 uns n04400 Standard Specification for Nickel-Copper Alloy Seamless Pipe and Tube
B165 covers nickel-copper alloy UNS N04400 in the form of cold-worked seamless pipe and tube. monel 400 seamless pipes shall conform to the composition limits specified. Tension test, hydrostatic test, nondestructive electric test, and rounding method shall be done in accordance to the specified requirements.
ASTM B725 uns n04400 Standard Specification for Welded Nickel and Nickel Copper Alloy Pipe
B725 covers UNS N02200 nickel alloy and UNS N02201 and N04400 low carbon nickel alloy welded pipes intended for general corrosive service and mechanical applications. Each pipe should either be welded and annealed or welded and stress-relieved and made from the flat-rolled alloys by an automatic welding process without any filler metal additions. The pipes should also be cold-worked after welding to ensure the development of optimum corrosion resistance in the weld area and base metal during the final heat treatment.
ASTM B730 uns n04400 Standard Specification for Welded Nickel (UNS N02200/UNS N02201) and Nickel Copper Alloy (UNS N04400) Tube
ASTM B730 covers nickel (UNS N02200), low-carbon nickel (UNS N02201), and nickel-copper alloy (UNS N04400) in the form of welded and annealed or welded and stress-relieved tube intended for general corrosive service and for mechanical applications.
ASTM B366 Standard Specification for Factory-Made Wrought Nickel and Nickel Alloy Fittings
ASTM B366 covers wrought welding fittings, including threaded fittings, for pressure piping, factory-made from nickel and nickel alloys. The term welding applies to butt-welding or socket-welding parts such as elbows, bends, caps, tees, reducers, lap joints, and stub ends. This specification does not apply to cast welding fittings. Grades of nickel and nickel alloys included in this specification are designated with a prefix, WP or CR, based on dimensional and rating standards.
Key Mechanical and Physical Properties of Monel 400
- Strength and hardness: Monel 400 has good strength and hardness, with a tensile strength of about 550 MPa to 880 MPa and yield strength of about 240 MPa to 520 MPa. In terms of hardness, it is typically in the range of 70 to 85 in Rockwell B hardness.
- Ductility: Monel 400 has good ductility, with elongation typically in the range of 20 to 35 percent, which makes it somewhat malleable during machining and forming.
- Density: Monel 400 has a density of approximately 8.83 g/cm3, giving it an appropriate weight-to-strength ratio for various engineering applications.
- Thermal Conductivity: Monel 400 has a high thermal conductivity of approximately 21 W/(m-K), which allows it to conduct heat efficiently in some high-temperature environments; it also has a high coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE), which allows it to conduct heat efficiently in some high-temperature environments; it also has a high coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE), which enables it to conduct heat efficiently in some high-temperature environments.
- Coefficient of Thermal Expansion: Monel 400 has a relatively low coefficient of thermal expansion of approximately 13.9 x 10^-6 / K, which allows it to maintain relatively stable dimensions under temperature changes.
- Electrical Conductivity: Monel 400 has a good electrical conductivity of about 23.5 MS/m, which makes it useful for applications such as electronic equipment.
- uns n04400 heat treatment, solution annealing temperature is generally 800 ℃ ~ 1200 ℃, holding time depending on the thickness of the material and annealing temperature.
- Melting point: approximately 1300°C.
Monel 400 Features
- Corrosion resistance: Nickel 400 alloy has good corrosion resistance in oxidizing media, reducing media and alkaline media. In the high temperature and pressure of acidic media, nickel 400 alloy can also maintain good corrosion resistance. Its surface is easy to form a dense oxide film, thus effectively preventing further oxidation and corrosion.
- High-temperature performance: Nickel 400 alloy has good high-temperature performance, and can maintain good strength and hardness at high temperatures. At lower temperatures, nickel 400 alloy plasticity and toughness are also better, and can be deep-drawn, bending and other processing. In the high-temperature environment, nickel 400 alloy creep resistance is also better, and can be used for a long time at higher temperatures.
- Mechanical properties: Nickel 400 alloy mechanical properties are excellent, its tensile strength, yield strength and elongation and other indicators are high. In the high-temperature environment, the strength and hardness of nickel 400 alloy will not be significantly reduced, can meet the requirements of various mechanical components.
- Processing performance: Nickel 400 alloy processing performance is good, can be hot processing, cold processing and welding and other processing operations. In the hot process, nickel 400 alloy plasticity and fluidity are better and can be cast, forged, rolled and other operations. In the cold working process, the work hardening rate of nickel 400 alloy is slower, and it can be cut, bent and other operations. In the welding process, nickel 400 alloy welding performance is also better, can be argon arc welding, resistance welding and other welding methods.
- Magnetism: Monel 400 is generally non-magnetic at room temperature, but may exhibit some magnetism at low temperatures.
- Weldability: Monel 400 has good weldability and can be welded by a variety of common welding methods (e.g., argon arc welding, resistance welding, laser welding, etc.), and the welded joints have high strength.
Monel 400 Composition
The carbon content of Monel 400 is strictly controlled below 0.30 percent to ensure its material stability and mechanical properties. Elemental nickel is the main component of Monel 400, with a content of at least 63.0 percent, which provides excellent corrosion resistance and high-temperature stability. Silicon and sulphur are also limited to less than 0.5% and 0.024% respectively to ensure the purity and stability of the alloy. Iron and manganese content is limited to 2.5 percent and 2.0 percent respectively, while copper content ranges from 28.0 percent to 34.0 percent, which together enhance the mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of Monel 400.
Monel 400 Applications
- Marine Engineering: Monel 400 is widely used in marine engineering due to its excellent seawater corrosion resistance, including seawater treatment equipment, offshore platforms, seawater pumps and so on.
- Chemical industry: Due to its acid and alkali resistance, Monel 400 is often used in the chemical industry for acid and alkali media transport pipelines, reactors, storage tanks and other equipment.
- Aerospace: In the aerospace field, Monel 400 is used in the manufacture of aircraft parts, aero-engine parts, as well as structural components of spacecraft, due to its stability and reliability in high temperature and high corrosive environments.
- Seawater treatment: Monel 400 is widely used in desalination plants, seawater distillation plants, seawater coolers, etc. due to its excellent corrosion resistance to seawater.
- Chemical engineering: It is used in equipment such as reactors, heat exchangers, pipelines and valves in the field of chemical engineering, especially in environments containing corrosive media such as strong acids and alkalis.
- Marine mining: Monel 400 is used in marine oil extraction equipment, submarine pipelines, submarine cables, etc., as it can resist corrosion in seawater and the effects of high pressure and high temperature in the marine environment.
- Medical devices: In the field of medical devices, Monel 400 is used in the manufacture of artificial heart valves, surgical instruments and medical devices due to its biocompatibility and corrosion resistance.
- Other fields: In addition, Monel 400 is used in food processing, shipbuilding, power industry and petrochemicals.
- Applications in high-temperature environments: Monel 400 is widely used in special applications in high-temperature environments, such as high-temperature stoves, heat exchangers, grates, etc., due to its good high-temperature resistance and oxidation resistance.
- Applications in low-temperature environments: Monel 400 is also suitable for special needs in low-temperature environments, such as liquid nitrogen storage tanks, liquid oxygen systems, cryogenic pumps, etc.
- Rocket propulsion systems: Due to its resistance to high temperatures and corrosion, Monel 400 is often used in some key components of rocket propulsion systems, such as gas turbines, propulsion nozzles, etc.
- Nuclear industry: In the nuclear industry, Monel 400 is often used in structural components of nuclear reactors, nuclear fuel treatment equipment and nuclear waste storage containers, etc., due to its good resistance to radiation and corrosion resistance.
- High-pressure systems: In high-pressure systems, Monel 400’s high strength and corrosion resistance make it an ideal material choice for high-pressure piping, high-pressure valves, and so on.
- Special chemical reactors: For some special chemical reactions, materials with good corrosion resistance and high-temperature stability are required, Monel 400 is used in special chemical reactors because of these characteristics.
- Electronic equipment: In some special electronic equipment, Monel 400’s electromagnetic properties and corrosion resistance are fully utilized, such as satellite communication equipment, radar systems, etc.
Production and processing of Monel 400 alloy
Monel 400 alloys are usually produced by methods such as vacuum induction melting or electric arc melting, in which various metal elements are melted into alloys. During processing, forging, rolling, extrusion and other processes can be used to process Monel 400 alloys into the required shapes and sizes. At the same time, in order to meet the needs of different fields, special treatment and modification of Monel 400 alloy can also be carried out according to the specific use environment.
The difference between Monel 400 and 500
- Chemical composition: The main components of Monel 400 alloy include about 66% nickel, 32% copper and 2% iron, while Monel 500 (Monel K500) contains about 70% nickel and 30% copper, with small amounts of iron and other elements. This difference in composition allows Monel 500 alloys to contain more nickel, which results in higher corrosion resistance.
- Physical Properties: Due to the higher nickel content in Monel 500 alloy, its mechanical properties exhibit higher strength and hardness, making it more suitable for applications subject to high stresses and temperatures. In contrast, Monel 400 alloy also excels in corrosion resistance and high-temperature resistance, but Monel 500 is superior in the manufacture of parts that require high strength and hardness.
- Areas of application: Monel 400 alloy is widely used in marine engineering, the chemical industry and desalination due to its excellent corrosion resistance and high-temperature resistance. On the other hand, Monel 500 (Monel K500) is often used for springs, pump wheels and other components requiring high strength and hardness due to its higher strength and hardness. In addition, Monel 500 alloy is also widely used in metallurgy, petrochemical and military fields due to its good mechanical properties and corrosion resistance.
