430 Stainless Steel is a classic 16% chromium ferritic stainless steel grade, a commonly used ferritic stainless steel grade with corrosion resistance approaching that of 304 and 304L stainless steel. 430 grade does not work harden rapidly and can be formed using both mild stretch forming, bending, or drawing operations. This grade is used in a variety of interior and exterior cosmetic applications where corrosion resistance is more important than strength. Type 430 has poor weldability compared to most stainless steels due to the higher carbon content and lack of stabilizing elements for this grade, which requires post-weld heat treatment to restore corrosion resistance and ductility. Stabilized grades such as Type 439 and 441 should be considered for welded ferritic stainless steel applications.
430 Stainless Steel Composition
430 stainless steel has high chromium but very low nickel content. Chromium content is between 16 and 18%, while nickel content is 0.5% max. Its other constituents are present in trace amounts. There’s a maximum of 1% each of manganese and silicon, 0.12% carbon, and 0.03% and 0.04% respectively for sulfur and phosphorous. As before, the balance is made up of iron, around 80%.
| Grade | C | Si | Mn | P | S | Cr | Ni | Fe |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 430 | 0.12 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 0.04 | 0.02 | 16.00 – 18.00 | 0.5 | Bal |
| TP430 | 0.12 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 0.04 | 0.03 | 16.00 – 18.00 | … | Bal |
430 Stainless Steel Mechanical Properties
| Grade | Tensile Strength (MPa) Min | Yield Strength 0.2% Proof (MPa) Min | Elongation (% In 50mm) Min | Hardness Rockwell B (HR B) Max | Hardness Brinell (HB) Max |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 430 | 483 | 310 | 22 | 85 | 183 |
| TP430 | 415 | 240 | 20 | 90 | 190 |
430 for ASTM A240 Plate, Sheet and Strip, TP430 for ASTM A268 seamless and welded tube
430 Stainless Steel Physical Properties
| Grade | Density (Kg/M3) | Elastic Modulus (GPa) | Mean Coefficient Of Thermal Expansion (Μm/M/°C) 0-100°C | Thermal Conductivity (W/M.K) At 100°C | Specific Heat 0-100°C (J/Kg.K) | Electrical Resistivity (NΩ.M) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 430 | 7750 | 200 | 10.4 | 26.1 | 460 | 600 |
430 Stainless Steel Equivalent
- UNS S43000
- DIN 1.4016
- JIS SUS430
- GB 1Cr15
- EN X6Cr17
- GOST 12KH17
430 Stainless Steel Properties
Stainless steel 430 has good mechanical properties that combine good corrosion resistance as well as heat and oxidation resistance up to 1500°F. When 430 is highly polished or in a buffed condition it exhibits maximum corrosion resistance. For all ferritic grades 430 included stress corrosion cracking resistance is quite good. This grade is also easily formable which paves the way for usage in a large amount of applications as listed below. Machining 430 is easier than 304 or other austenitic grades. Drawn bars are also more easily machined than annealed, it is a very widely used ferritic steel.
Forms
Corrosion Resistance
All ferritic grades, such as stainless steel grade 430, have excellent stress corrosion cracking resistance. Grade 430 has good corrosion resistance to numerous substances, such as certain organic acids and nitric acid. The corrosion resistance is maximized in well-polished or buffed conditions. Its pitting and crevice corrosion resistance is quite similar to that of grade 304. 430F is a high-sulphur-free machining grade, and therefore the resistance to pitting and crevice corrosion is comparatively lesser than those grades that are non-free machining.
Welding
To perform any welding, stainless steel grade 430 has to be pre-heated at 150-200°C (302-392°F). In the case of embrittlement in the welded metal, the particular area can be post-weld annealed at 790-815°C (1454-1499°F); however, grain refinement will not happen.
It is recommended that grade 430, 308L, 309 or 310 filler rod should be used based on the application.
The ductility of the welded products can be improved by annealing post-welding at temperatures of 760 to 815°C. However, this is not required for thin welded products. Welding of exhaust tubing of automobiles is carried out without filler rods.
Heat Treatment
Solution annealing can be performed by heating stainless steel grade 430 to 815 – 845°C (1499-1553°F). Then it has to be slow furnace cooled to 600°C (1112°F) and followed by air-cooling quickly – as slow cooling between 540 and 400°C (1004 and 752°F) tends to cause embrittlement.
For sub-critical annealing, heating should be performed to 760-815°C (1400-1499°F), followed by air-cooling or water quenching.
This stainless steel cannot be hardened by thermal treatment.
430 Stainless Steel Applications
This grade of stainless steel can be supplied in all the usual forms: sheet, strip, plate, bar and tube. Its low cost combined with good corrosion resistance lends itself well to the making of domestic appliances. A lot of 430 stainless is used in cookers, washing machines, and dishwashers. Stove element supports are often produced in 430 stainless steel. It can also be found in shallow draw/limited-depth Stainless Steel sinks.
The motor industry uses a lot of 430 stainless steel in its automotive trim and muffler systems. You will also find it used for flue linings, industrial roofing, wall cladding, hinges, and fasteners.
304 vs 430 stainless steel
The main differences between 304 stainless steel and 430 stainless steel are their chemical compositions, mechanical properties, corrosion resistance, density and weight, magnetic properties, and areas of application.
Chemical Composition
304 stainless steel contains about 18% chromium and 8-10% nickel, and is an austenitic stainless steel, stainless steel 430 contains about 16-18% chromium, but lower nickel content or no nickel, belongs to ferritic stainless steel.
Mechanical properties
304 stainless steel has high strength and good plasticity and toughness, 430 stainless steel has higher strength, but poorer plasticity and toughness, prone to cold embrittlement.
Corrosion Resistance
304 stainless steel has good corrosion resistance and can resist the erosion of most acidic and alkaline media, 430 stainless steel has good corrosion resistance in dry air, but is prone to corrosion in humid or acidic environments, 430 stainless steel is an excellent lower-cost alternative to the 304 grade for those mild corrosive environments. The corrosion resistance of stainless steel 430 is close to that of stainless steel that contains nickel.
Density and Weight
304 stainless steel has a density of about 8.0 g/cm3 and is relatively heavy, 430 stainless steel has a density of approximately 7.7 g/cc and is relatively light.
Magnetism
304 stainless steel usually exhibits weak or no magnetism, 430 stainless steel has strong magnetic properties.
Application
304 stainless steel is widely used in food processing, the chemical industry, medical equipment and other fields due to its good corrosion resistance and hygienic properties, 430 stainless steel is commonly used in the production of home appliances, kitchen utensils, automobile exhaust pipe, etc., suitable for some of the requirements of corrosion resistance is not high occasions.
Is 430 stainless steel magnetic?
430 stainless steel is magnetic. 430 stainless steel is a ferritic stainless steel that contains a high concentration of iron, which makes it magnetic. The degree of magnetism is affected by a number of factors, including thickness, processing methods and surface finish. Thicker parts are generally more magnetic than thinner parts, and cold-rolled sheet is also more magnetic than hot rolled sheet because of the higher degree of strain hardening in cold rolled sheet. However, it should be noted that 430 stainless steel may lose some or all of its magnetization at high temperatures.